Motion sensors and their application in the lighting industry
Motion sensors play a key role in the automation of various systems, from lighting to security. Two popular types of motion sensors, PIR (Passive Infrared) and MV (Microwave), differ in their mode of operation and applications. In this article, we will take a look at the two types of sensors, their differences and their main applications in the lighting industry.
PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor.
A PIR sensor detects motion by recording temperature changes in the environment. It works by detecting infrared radiation emitted by the human body. When the sensor detects a change in temperature, it interprets this as motion and turns on the appropriate devices.
PIR sensors are commonly used in lighting systems, especially in rooms, hallways and outdoor areas. They are also used in alarm systems and energy-saving systems.
Microwave (MV) Sensor
Microwave sensors work by emitting radio waves and analyzing their reflection from the environment. They can penetrate a variety of materials, making them more versatile than PIR sensors.
Microwave sensors are often used in areas where PIR may not work effectively, such as bathrooms, warehouses or areas with high temperature variation. In the lighting industry, they are used along with lighting control systems, such as in production halls, parking lots and outdoor areas.
MV microwave sensors are more sensitive than PIR sensors and can detect movement through walls and obstacles. The range of PIR sensors tends to be shorter than that of MV sensors – making them better suited for smaller spaces.
Type of sensor vs. application
In the lighting industry, motion sensors are often used to automatically turn lights on and off. PIR sensors are ideal for outdoor applications such as garden lighting where there are no obstructions and small indoor spaces.
Microwave sensors, on the other hand, are more preferred in larger spaces where precise motion detection can be more difficult, such as in manufacturing halls, spacious offices, and large parking lots.
There is a trend toward integrating motion sensors with intelligent building management systems. Advanced algorithms that analyze sensor data make it possible to save even more energy by adapting lighting to the actual needs of users. In addition, developments in wireless technology are making it easier to install and integrate motion sensors into existing buildings.
The choice between PIR and MV sensors depends mainly on specific needs and application conditions. The appropriate use of motion sensors can bring significant benefits, both in terms of energy savings and convenience.
The key role of sensor sensitivity in motion detection: a division into three groups
We must also keep in mind the use of sensors according to sensitivity, which determines what kind of motion they can detect. We can divide them into three groups:
- Motion sensors that are able to detect movement even at very long distances of up to 15m. However, in this case, it is necessary to perform full motion, that is, move at a speed of 0.3m/s. These are the most popular types of sensors used in production and warehouse halls and traffic routes.
- Fine motion sensors that detect movement even while sitting. Simply moving your head or typing on a computer keyboard is enough to activate the sensor. With these types of sensors, it is already colloquial to say that they are presence sensors. However, their range is limited to 6 meters.
- Sensors that detect breathing and heartbeat. These are very precise presence sensors that are able to detect even the movement of the chest, the detection range in this case is usually up to a maximum of 4 m.
Innovative sensors offered by LED line
Modern lighting sensors not only accurately detect the moment of switching on, but also offer a number of additional functions to facilitate daily use. On the market there are both simple twilight sensors and advanced presence sensors, which can adjust the intensity of light to the conditions in the room. As an example, there are innovative sensors of the Merrytek brand, distributed by LED line.
These devices can also be installed directly into luminaires, which translates into a significant reduction in installation costs and increased convenience for installers and end users. Perfect examples are LED line PHOTON floodlights equipped with an integrated PIR sensor with dusk detection function or LED line PRIME Plafon ACTON with microwave motion sensor with light function, which allows the luminaire to be switched on only during certain environmental parameters.
The products offered by LED line not only reduce electricity expenses, but also fit in with the modern trend of Human Centric Lighting, i.e. lighting focused on human needs and well-being.
Norbert Chrzanowski
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